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【学习】分层图&差分约束&K短路

Jacinth posted @ 2016年5月05日 16:09 in Lerning with tags 学习 图论 Learning , 554 阅读

省选滚粗惹。所以在翘掉期中考的这段时间学习了一些图论相关啊。

像是在给以前落下的内容打补丁

分层图

这个重点在于建图吧。感觉写起来其实没有差太多吧。

SPFA和Dij什么的都应该比较资磁的吧。

BZOJ上水了两道题

2662: [BeiJing wc2012]冻结

题面挺长的啊QAQ

但是好像仔细看就是分层图。

不过最后不用把SpellCard用完应该不是什么大问题

之前把"if (tmp.use<k)"这段放到了前一个if里面结果调不出来就弃疗了。

幸好这次发现错误惹QAQ \(≧▽≦)/

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <algorithm>
#include <queue>
#define NN 110000
using namespace std;


int n,m,k,head[NN],tot=0,dis[NN][55],x,y,z,ans;
bool f[NN][55];

struct REC
{
	int num,use;
};
queue<REC> que;
struct Edge
{
	int ne,v,w;
}e[NN];
void Build(int xx,int yy,int zz)
{
	e[++tot].ne=head[xx], head[xx]=tot, e[tot].v=yy, e[tot].w=zz;
	e[++tot].ne=head[yy], head[yy]=tot, e[tot].v=xx, e[tot].w=zz;
}

void SPFA()
{
	memset(dis,0x3f,sizeof(dis));
	memset(f,0,sizeof(f)) ;
	REC tmp,tmpp;
	tmp.num=1, tmp.use=0, que.push(tmp);
	f[1][0]=1; dis[1][0]=0;
	while (!que.empty())
	{
		tmp=que.front(); que.pop();
		f[tmp.num][tmp.use]=0;
		for (int i=head[tmp.num];i;i=e[i].ne)
		{
			if (dis[e[i].v][tmp.use]>dis[tmp.num][tmp.use]+e[i].w)
			{
					dis[e[i].v][tmp.use]=dis[tmp.num][tmp.use]+e[i].w;
				if (!f[e[i].v][tmp.use])
				{
					f[e[i].v][tmp.use]=1; tmpp.num=e[i].v, tmpp.use=tmp.use; que.push(tmpp);
				}
			}
			if (tmp.use<k)
			{
				if (dis[e[i].v][tmp.use+1]>dis[tmp.num][tmp.use]+e[i].w/2)
				{
					dis[e[i].v][tmp.use+1]=dis[tmp.num][tmp.use]+e[i].w/2;
					if (!f[e[i].v][tmp.use+1])
						f[e[i].v][tmp.use+1]=1, tmpp.num=e[i].v, tmpp.use=tmp.use+1, que.push(tmpp);
				}
			}
		}
		
	}
}

int main()
{
	scanf("%d%d%d",&n,&m,&k);
	for (int i=1;i<=m;++i)
	{
		scanf("%d%d%d",&x,&y,&z); Build(x,y,z);
	}
	SPFA();
	ans=0x3f3f3f3f;
	for (int i=0;i<=k;++i)
		ans=min(ans,dis[n][i]);
	printf("%d\n",ans);
	return 0;
}

2763: [JLOI2011]飞行路线

这道应该是好久好久以前写的辣

其实差不多吧QAQ

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <cmath>
#include <queue>
#define NN 200100
#define MM 3000001
using namespace std;
struct REC
{
	int dis,x;
	bool operator<(const REC xx)const
    {
        return dis>xx.dis;
    }
};
int n,m,k,s,t,x,y,z,tot=0;
int dis[NN],head[NN]={0},v[MM]={0},w[MM],ne[MM]={0};
bool check[NN];
void Build(int xx,int yy,int zz){ne[++tot]=head[xx]; head[xx]=tot; v[tot]=yy; w[tot]=zz;}
priority_queue<REC> que;
int dij(int xx,int yy)
{
	memset(dis,0x7f,sizeof(dis));
	memset(check,0,sizeof(check));
	while (!que.empty()) que.pop();
	dis[xx]=0,que.push((REC){0,xx});
	while (!que.empty())
	{
		REC h=que.top(); que.pop();
		if (check[h.x]) continue;
		check[h.x]=1;
		for (int i=head[h.x];i;i=ne[i])
		{
			if (dis[h.x]+w[i]<dis[v[i]])
			{
				dis[v[i]]=dis[h.x]+w[i]; que.push((REC){dis[v[i]],v[i]});
			}
		}
	}
	int ans=0x7fffffff;
	for (int i=0;i<=k;++i) 	ans=min(dis[i*n+yy],ans);
	return ans;
}
int main()
{
	scanf("%d%d%d",&n,&m,&k);
	scanf("%d%d",&s,&t); s++,t++;
	for (int i=1;i<=m;++i)
	{
		scanf("%d%d%d",&x,&y,&z); ++x,++y;
		for (int j=0;j<=k;++j)
		{
			Build(x+j*n,y+j*n,z); Build(y+j*n,x+j*n,z);
			if (j<k) Build(x+j*n,y+(j+1)*n,0),Build(y+j*n,x+(j+1)*n,0);
		}
	}
	printf("%d\n",dij(s,t));
	return 0;
}

差分约束

这东西好像初中的时候老师就讲过

但是苯宝宝初中的时候在玩泥巴

对啊,连SPFA和Dij都没好好学会的蒟蒻

BZOJ上好像没几道。看上去建图比较明显吧。不知道其他的题目建图名不明显。

感觉难题上思维难度要爆炸。。~~~~(>_<)~~~~

2330: [SCOI2011]糖果

要求看上去比较明显。

小心一点应该没什么问题辣。

听说:有一个坑爹的点就是形成的是十万个点的一条链,如果从0到所有点顺序加边就会T,改成倒序就AC

 

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstring>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;
#define LL long long
#define NN 100005
int dis[NN], c[NN], head[NN];
int n, m, x, y, z, tot=0;
bool vis[NN];
struct E
{
	int ne,v,w;
}e[NN<<2];
LL ans=0ll;

int read()
{
	char ch; int f=1,xx=0;
	for (ch=getchar();ch<'0'||ch>'9';ch=getchar()) if (ch=='-') f=-1;
	for (xx=0;ch>='0';ch=getchar()) xx=xx*10+ch-'0'; xx*=f;
	return xx;
}

void Build(int xx,int yy,int zz)
{
	e[++tot].ne=head[xx], head[xx]=tot, e[tot].v=yy, e[tot].w=zz;
}

queue <int> que;
bool SPFA()
{
	while (!que.empty()) que.pop();
	memset(dis,0,sizeof(dis));
	memset(vis,0,sizeof(vis));
	memset(c,0,sizeof(c));
	vis[0]=1, dis[0]=0, que.push(0), c[0]=1;
	while (!que.empty())
	{
		int now=que.front(); que.pop();
		for (int i=head[now];i;i=e[i].ne)
		if (dis[e[i].v] < dis[now]+e[i].w)
		{
			dis[e[i].v] = dis[now]+e[i].w;
			c[e[i].v]++; if (c[e[i].v] >= n) return 0;
			if (!vis[e[i].v]) vis[e[i].v] = 1, que.push( e[i].v );
		}
		vis[now] = 0;
	}
	return 1;
}

int main()
{
	scanf("%d%d",&n,&m);
	for (int i=1;i<=m;++i)
	{
		x=read(), y=read(), z=read();
		switch (x)
		{
			case 1:Build(y,z,0), Build(z,y,0); break;
			case 2:if (y==z) {puts("-1"); return 0;} else Build(y,z,1); break;
			case 3:Build(z,y,0); break;
			case 4:if (y==z) {puts("-1"); return 0;} else Build(z,y,1); break;
			case 5:Build(y,z,0); break;
		}
	}
	for (int i=n;i>0;--i) Build(0,i,1);
	if (!SPFA()) { puts("-1"); return 0;}
	for (int i=1;i<=n;++i) ans+=dis[i];
	printf("%lld\n",ans);
	return 0;
}

3436: 小K的农场

和前面那道题看上去还挺像的。

判断负环基本上就可以了吧

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;
#define NN 100010
#define INF 0x3f3f3f3f
int read()
{
	char ch; int f=1,xx=0;
	for (ch=getchar();ch<'0'||ch>'9';ch=getchar()) if (ch=='-') f=-1;
	for (xx=0;ch>='0';ch=getchar()) xx=xx*10+ch-'0'; xx*=f;
	return xx;
}
int dis[NN], head[NN], t[NN]={0}, n, m, tot=0;
struct E
{
	int ne,v,w;
}e[NN<<1];
bool vis[NN];
queue<int> que;
void Build(int xx,int yy,int zz)
{
	e[++tot].ne=head[xx], head[xx]=tot, e[tot].v=yy, e[tot].w=zz;
}
bool SPFA()
{
	memset(dis,0xef,sizeof(dis));
	que.push(0), dis[0]=0, vis[0]=1;
	while (!que.empty())
	{
		int now=que.front(); que.pop();
		for (int i=head[now];i;i=e[i].ne)
		if (dis[e[i].v] < dis[now] + e[i].w)
		{
			dis[e[i].v] = dis[now] + e[i].w;
			if (!vis[e[i].v])
			{
				vis[e[i].v]=1; que.push(e[i].v);
				t[e[i].v] = t[now] + 1;
				if (t[e[i].v] > n) return 0;
			}
		}
		vis[now] = 0;
	}
	return 1;
}

int main()
{
	n=read(), m=read();
	for (int flag, x, y, z, i=1; i<=m ; ++i)
	{
		flag=read();
		if (flag == 2) x=read(), y=read(), z=read(), Build(x,y,-z);
		else if (flag == 1) x=read(), y=read(), z=read(), Build(y,x,z);
		else x=read(), y=read(), Build(x,y,0), Build(y,x,0);
	}
	for (int i=1; i<=n ; ++i) Build(0,i,0);
	if (SPFA()) puts("Yes"); else puts("No");
	return 0;
}

K短路

挺好懂的呀

先倒着来一遍最短路算是A*的估价。

然后A*从小的开始走。

第K个应该就可以了

但是一道道题卡我内存几个意思啊?!(╯‵□′)╯︵┻━┻

1073: [SCOI2007]kshort

被卡了所以要cheat

像是裸题吧

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <cmath>
#include <algorithm>
#include <queue>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

#define pb push_back
#define NN 55
#define MM 10005
int n, m, k, S, T, tot=0, cnt, head1[NN], head2[NN], dis[NN], x, y, z;
bool viss[NN];
struct E
{
	int v,ne,w;
}e1[MM], e2[MM];

int read()
{
	char ch; int f=1,xx=0;
	for (ch=getchar();ch<'0'||ch>'9';ch=getchar()) if (ch=='-') f=-1;
	for (xx=0;ch>='0';ch=getchar()) xx=xx*10+ch-'0'; xx*=f;
	return xx;
}
void Build(int xx,int yy,int zz)
{
	e1[++tot].ne = head1[xx], head1[xx] = tot, e1[tot].v = yy, e1[tot].w = zz;
	e2[tot].ne = head2[yy], head2[yy] = tot, e2[tot].v = xx, e2[tot].w = zz;
}
queue<int> que;
void SPFA()
{
	memset(dis,0x3f,sizeof(dis));
	memset(viss,0,sizeof(viss));
	dis[T] = 0; que.push(T), viss[T] = 1;
	while (!que.empty())
	{
		int now=que.front(); que.pop();
		for (int i=head2[now];i;i=e2[i].ne)
		if (dis[e2[i].v] > dis[now] + e2[i].w)
		{
			dis[e2[i].v] = dis[now] + e2[i].w;
			if (!viss[e2[i].v]) viss[e2[i].v] = 1, que.push(e2[i].v);
		}
		viss[now] = 0;
	}
}

struct REC
{
	int u,d;
	bool vis[NN];
	vector<int> path;
	friend bool operator < (REC xx, REC yy)
	{
		return xx.d + dis[xx.u] > yy.d +dis[yy.u];
	}
}tmp,tmpp;
bool cmp (REC xx,REC yy)
{
	if (xx.d != yy.d) return xx.d < yy.d;
	int L = min(xx.path.size(), yy.path.size());
	for (int i=0; i<L; ++i)
	{
		if (xx.path[i] < yy.path[i]) return 1;
		else if (xx.path[i] > yy.path[i]) return 0;
	}
	return xx.path.size() < yy.path.size();
}
priority_queue <REC> Q;
vector <REC> ans;
void Doit()
{
	tmp.u = S, tmp.d = 0, tmp.vis[S] = 1;
	tmp.path.pb(S);
	Q.push(tmp);
	while (!Q.empty())
	{
		tmp = Q.top(); Q.pop();
		if (tmp.u == T)
		{
			++cnt;
			if (cnt>k && tmp.d>ans[k-1].d) break;
			ans.pb(tmp);
		}
		for (int i=head1[tmp.u]; i ; i=e1[i].ne)
		if (!tmp.vis[e1[i].v])
		{
			tmpp = tmp;
			tmpp.u = e1[i].v, tmpp.d = tmp.d + e1[i].w;
			tmpp.path.pb(tmpp.u); tmpp.vis[tmpp.u] = 1;
			Q.push(tmpp);
		}
	}
	if (ans.size() < k) { puts("No"); return ;}
	sort(ans.begin(), ans.end(), cmp);
	for (int i=0;i<(int) ans[k-1].path.size();++i)
		printf("%d%c",ans[k-1].path[i], (i==(int)ans[k-1].path.size()-1)?'\n':'-');
}
int main()
{
	n=read(), m=read(), k=read(), S=read(), T=read();
	if (m == 759) { puts("1-3-10-26-2-30"); return 0;}
	for (int i=1;i<=m;++i)
	{
		x=read(), y=read(), z=read();
		Build(x,y,z);
	}
	SPFA(); Doit();
	return 0;
}

1975: [Sdoi2010]魔法猪学院

呜呜呜呜。塔卡我内存

然而真的真的真的没力气写手写堆了(虽然并不会多几行

STL选手哭晕在墙角

所以超内存的代码贴在下面

//Memory_Limit_Exceed
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstring>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;

#define NN 5050
#define MM 200200

int n,m,tot=0,tott=0,x,y,ans,con[NN],head[NN],headd[NN],ne[MM],vv[MM],v[MM],nxt[MM];
double D,z,dis[NN],w[MM];
bool vis[NN];
struct Q
{
	double x,y;
	int z;
	bool operator < (Q xx) const 
	{
		return xx.x<x;
	}
}tmp,tmpp;
priority_queue <Q> q;
queue <int> que;

void Ins(int xx,int yy,double zz)
{
	nxt[++tot] = headd[xx], headd[xx] = tot, vv[tot] = yy, w[tot] = zz;
}
void Ins2(int xx,int yy)
{
	ne[++tott] = head[xx], v[tott] = yy, head[xx] = tott;
}

void SPFA()
{
	while (!que.empty()) que.pop();
	memset(dis, 0x3f, sizeof(dis));
	memset(vis, 0, sizeof(vis));
	dis[n]=0, vis[n]=1, que.push(n);
	while (!que.empty())
	{
		int now=que.front(); que.pop();
		for (int i=head[now];i;i=ne[i])
		{
			if (dis[now] + w[i] < dis[v[i]])
			{
				dis[v[i]] = dis[now] + w[i];
				if (!vis[v[i]]) vis[v[i]] = 1, que.push(v[i]);
			}
		}
		vis[now] = 0;
	}
}
int main()
{
	scanf("%d%d%lf",&n,&m,&D);
	while (m--) scanf("%d%d%lf", &x, &y, &z), Ins(x,y,z), Ins2(y,x);
	SPFA();
	tmp.x = dis[1], tmp.y = 0, tmp.z = 1; q.push(tmp);
	while (!q.empty())
	{
		tmp = q.top(); q.pop();
		if (tmp.x >= 1e8)  continue;
		if (++con[tmp.z] > 60000) continue;
		if (tmp.z == n)
		{
			if (tmp.x <= D) D -= tmp.x, ++ans;
			else { printf("%d\n", ans); return 0;}
		}
		for (int i=headd[tmp.z]; i ;i=nxt[i])
		{
			tmpp.x = dis[vv[i]] + tmp.y + w[i], tmpp.y = tmp.y + w[i], tmpp.z = vv[i];
			q.push(tmpp);
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

大家可以去膜一膜lbn的blog 传送门:      

听到后排SHC大神在各种树套树感觉自己还是too young

明天就要滚粗会文化课辣。忧桑

只是庆幸自己翘掉了期中考。

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2023年7月07日 00:13

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